The European Commission has put forward a new proposal to reorganise how mobile satellite services (MSS) operate in the 2 GHz frequency band once current licences expire in
May 2027. The initiative aims to establish a unified EU-level selection and authorisation system for operators using this strategically important spectrum.
The 2 GHz band is seen as a key enabler for both commercial innovation and critical public services. It is particularly suited for direct-to-device (D2D) connectivity, allowing smartphones and other devices to connect to satellites in areas without terrestrial mobile coverage. Beyond consumer connectivity, it is also expected to support Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as wearable health devices, energy monitoring systems, and emergency response tools.
Under the proposal, the spectrum would be split between public-sector and commercial uses. One third would be reserved for governmental applications, including secure communications for security, defence, and critical infrastructure. These services would be delivered through an EU-designated operator and integrated with the EU’s secure satellite infrastructure, including the upcoming IRIS² programme.
IRIS² — the EU’s Infrastructure for Resilience, Interconnectivity and Security by Satellite — is designed to strengthen Europe’s secure communications capabilities for governments, businesses, and defence users while also providing broadband services across the continent.
The remaining two thirds of the spectrum would be allocated to commercial services, including D2D connectivity and IoT applications in areas beyond the reach of terrestrial networks. This portion would itself be split to encourage market diversification: half would be reserved for EU-based operators entering the sector, while the other half would be open to both EU and non-EU providers.
According to the Commission, an EU-wide licensing framework would replace the current system established in 2008, ensuring consistent rules across Member States and enabling operators to scale services seamlessly across borders.
Officials argue that securing timely access to resilient satellite connectivity is essential for Europe’s technological sovereignty, as well as for strengthening security and defence capabilities in an increasingly contested communications landscape.
The proposal aligns with broader EU digital policy goals, including the planned Digital Networks Act, which foresees harmonised EU-level authorisation of satellite spectrum. It also reflects recent input from the Radio Spectrum Policy Group and stakeholder consultations on the future use of the 2 GHz band.